The E3GLOBAL team was in Chicago for the 7th Biennial Kathleen A. Zar Symposium – Invisible Labor in Astronomy. Three papers were presented:

“Three Astronomers and a Clockmaker: The Visibility of E. Cottingham in the 1919 British Expeditions” by Hugo Soares.

“Behind the Scenes of the 1919 Eclipse: The Invisible Labor of the Portuguese and Brazilian Eclipse Committees” by Luís Miguel Carolino and Ana Simões.

“‘Ample Resources of Labor and Material’ – The Material Conditions of Success of the British Expeditions to the 1919 Total Solar Eclipse in Colonial and National Contexts”, by Luís Tirapicos and Samuel Gessner.